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In the context of public offerings of token sales designed in accordance with MiCAR, all purchasers should have the same rights. In the case of private investors, however, consumer protection may vary in individual cases due to the Rome-I-Regulation. Is the corrective measure of the Rome-I-Regulation for public offerings of financial instruments also applicable to token sales?

AI compliance in companies: When are AI models subject to the GDPR, and what challenges arise when complying with data protection regulations?

NFTs fall outside the scope of MiCAR, thus offering plenty of scope for innovative business models. But what specific use cases does the technology offer besides tokenized image usage rights, and when is an NFT actually unregulated?

MiCAR is not supposed to apply to tokens that can be classified as financial instruments within the meaning of MiFID regulation. But to which crypto assets does this exemption apply exactly? ESMA has commented on this. The principle of “in dubio pro MiFID2” applies.

From hype to obligation: To implement successful AI projects, companies must train their employees in the use of AI systems – but how can a company ensure that its employees have the necessary AI literacy?

Faster code thanks to AI, but on unstable legal ground? How legal risks and security gaps can be mitigated.

Grandfathering is not entirely uniform in MiCAR, but leaves member states leeway in determining the maximum duration of transition periods. EU member states have made extensive use of this, which can cause problems for CASPs operating across the EU.

As AI-based investment tools become more and more popular, the question of their regulatory classification arises. What is the current legal situation and what are the consequences for providers?

The issuance of stablecoins is strictly regulated under MiCAR by the provisions on Asset-Referenced Tokens. However, there are exemptions, in particular for issuances not exceeding the equivalent of EUR 5 million. How far-reaching are the exemptions for such issuances?

Since the beginning of the year, crypto custody has been regulated by MiCAR, and the German regulation of crypto custodians according to the KWG has been replaced. However, a small sub-area remains at the national level and in individual cases this can affect NFT.

DORA aims to minimize risks from digital transformation, but implementing its complex requirements remains a hurdle for many financial enitites. Further interpretation guidance and practical tools are urgently needed.

The current draft of the lacking regulatory technical standards (RTS) for DORA still contains some ambiguities, particularly regarding the classification of financial entities as ICT third-party service providers. EIOPA has now issued interpretation notes to reduce these ambiguities. There has also been movement on the subject of RTS for subcontracting. An overview.